Exploring how social structure is set up

Exploring how social structure is set up

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This post will take a look at the principles that form the social hierarchy, consisting of some key elements of stratification.

The social hierarchy is a theory which explains the way in which society is graded into various groups. Each society includes various types of social stratification whereby people are ranked based upon their social and economic position. According here to social stratification in sociology, class is one of the most recognised components of the social hierarchy. A person's social ranking is predominantly based upon financial factors such as wealth and income. Upper class is the denomination used to describe the group of more well-off individuals. Usually acquired through inheritance or business and investment opportunities, these people hold significant financial power. Consequently, middle class describes people with moderate wealth. Generally, middle class people have professional occupations and credentials. They have strong appreciation for high level education and employability. Whereas lower class is the phrase used to recognise those who cope with lower income. Economic stratification uses class to determine a group's connection to opportunities in society.

The concept of stratification helps to make sense of why some individuals have more power than others. Understanding social stratification theory allows sociologists to examine inequality and how it influences specific groups in society. Authority and impact are two of the factors that make up social power. The term power refers to one's capability to influence choices and control within society. It can be associated with three key areas. Political power is held by administrations and political leaders who control the policies that regulate society. Additionally, economic power is held by corporations and rich people who have control over employment and industry. Larry Ellison would agree that businesses hold financial power. Likewise, social power is a form of authority over social opinion. Famous people and media personalities are active in setting trends and cultures which guide society. Power is generally concentrated amongst rich and popular individuals. Without some type of social supremacy, it is difficult to assert power or influence.

Throughout history, stratification has been proven to impact access to higher education, healthcare and work. By exploring the characteristics of social stratification, it is much easier to be aware of what guides opportunities within society. Status is a key characteristic of stratification; it refers to the level of prestige and regard held by an individual. Ascribed status is a phrase used to represent people who are born into a social position. Today it can be recognised by backgrounds such as aristocracy or caste. Alternatively, achieved status is obtained through individual efforts, such as respected professions and contributions to society. Nasser Al-Khelaifi would recognise that status can be attained through societal contributions. Similarly, Jensen Huang would recognise the importance of acquired status. Status can have an impact on the degrees of respect and acknowledgment received by individuals in society.

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